Discussion
Older adults with depression and medical comorbidity pose a significant clinical and public health challenge. The research question explored in this investigation concerned whether providing depression care management in primary care influenced mortality in the presence of several medical conditions. It was considered most appropriate to report findings for several medical conditions because primary care physicians must treat many conditions. In usual care, major depression was associated with greater risk of death for persons with heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Participants in the intervention condition were not at greater risk of death from major depression for all conditions except heart disease. For diabetes mellitus, the intervention significantly modified the effect of major depression on death. It was not observed that minor depression conferred excess risk of death.
Before the findings are discussed, the results must be considered in the context of several important limitations. First, the diagnosis of chronic medical conditions was based on self-reports and was subject to imperfect recall and response bias. Information was not available on severity, duration, or treatment of specific medical conditions, so even within a condition, participants were likely to be heterogeneous. Small numbers preclude examining specific diagnoses (e.g., forms of heart disease or cancer). Estimates of association were reported adjusted for a validated index of medical comorbidity. Comparing the mortality of participants with depression with that of those without depression from the same sets of practices mitigates the influence of unmeasured characteristics at the practice level. The lower mortality of participants with major depression and specific medical comorbidities randomized to the intervention may be due to factors other than the specific effects of a depression management program. For example, it is not known whether primary care physicians in the intervention practices were more likely to see people with diabetes mellitus than those in the usual care practices. Third, subgroup analyses have limitations,[8] but published criteria including subgroups defined according to risk, the known pathophysiological mechanisms linking depression and comorbidity, and the need for information about the role of medical comorbidity on treatment outcomes were used as a guide. This exploratory analysis was undertaken because there was evidence from a literature review of lower mortality related to depression treatment, with few studies having a randomized design.
อภิปรายอายุกับภาวะซึมเศร้าและ comorbidity แพทย์ก่อให้เกิดความท้าทายทางการแพทย์และสาธารณสุขสำคัญ คำถามวิจัยที่สำรวจในการตรวจสอบนี้กังวลว่าให้การจัดการดูแลรักษาภาวะซึมเศร้าในดูแลหลักอิทธิพลตายในเงื่อนไขทางการแพทย์หลาย มันถือว่าเหมาะสมกับผลการวิจัยรายงานสำหรับเงื่อนไขทางการแพทย์หลายประการเนื่องจากแพทย์ที่ดูแลหลักต้องรักษาสภาพหลาย ในการดูแลปกติ ซึมเศร้าเป็นเกี่ยวข้องกับความเสี่ยงที่มากขึ้นของการเสียชีวิตสำหรับผู้ที่มีโรคหัวใจ โรคหลอดเลือดอุปกรณ์ต่อพ่วง จังหวะ เบาหวาน และโรคมะเร็ง ผู้เข้าร่วมในสภาพแทรกแซงไม่ได้เสี่ยงตายจากซึมเศร้าสำหรับเงื่อนไขทั้งหมดยกเว้นโรคหัวใจมากขึ้น สำหรับเบาหวาน การแทรกแซงมากแก้ไขผลของการซึมเศร้าในตาย ไม่พบว่า ภาวะซึมเศร้าเล็กน้อยพระราชทานเกินเสี่ยงตายBefore the findings are discussed, the results must be considered in the context of several important limitations. First, the diagnosis of chronic medical conditions was based on self-reports and was subject to imperfect recall and response bias. Information was not available on severity, duration, or treatment of specific medical conditions, so even within a condition, participants were likely to be heterogeneous. Small numbers preclude examining specific diagnoses (e.g., forms of heart disease or cancer). Estimates of association were reported adjusted for a validated index of medical comorbidity. Comparing the mortality of participants with depression with that of those without depression from the same sets of practices mitigates the influence of unmeasured characteristics at the practice level. The lower mortality of participants with major depression and specific medical comorbidities randomized to the intervention may be due to factors other than the specific effects of a depression management program. For example, it is not known whether primary care physicians in the intervention practices were more likely to see people with diabetes mellitus than those in the usual care practices. Third, subgroup analyses have limitations,[8] but published criteria including subgroups defined according to risk, the known pathophysiological mechanisms linking depression and comorbidity, and the need for information about the role of medical comorbidity on treatment outcomes were used as a guide. This exploratory analysis was undertaken because there was evidence from a literature review of lower mortality related to depression treatment, with few studies having a randomized design.
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