performance management systems usually include measures of both behavior (what an employee does) and result (the outcomes of an employee's behavior). The definition of performance does not include the results of an employee's behaviors but only the behavior themselves. Performance is about behavior or what employees do, not about what employees produce or the outcomes of their work.
Also there are two additional characteristics of the behavior we label "Performance." First, they are evaluative. This means that such behavior can be judged as negative, neutral, or positive for individual and organizational effectiveness. In other words, the value of these behavior can vary based on whether they make a contribution toward the accomplishment of individual, unit, and organizational goals. Second, performance is multidimensional. This means that there are many different kinds of behaviors that have the capacity to advance (or hinder) organizatinal goals.
As an example, consider a set of behaviors that can be grouped under the general label "contribution to effectiveness of other in the work unit." This set of behaviors can be defined as follows:
works with others within and outside the unit in a manner that improve their effectiveness; shares information and resource; develops effective working ralationships; build consensus, and constructively manages confict.
Contribution to the effectiveness of others in the work unit could be assessed by using a scale including anchors demonstrating various levels of competency. For example, anchors could be worlds and pharases such as "outstanding," "Significantly exceeds standards," "fully meets standards," "does not fully meet standard," and "unacceptable." This illustrates the evaluative nature of performance because this set of behavior is judgde as positive, neutral, or negative. in addition, this example illustrates the multidimensional nature of performance because theae are several behavior that, combined, affect the overall perceived contribution that an employee makes to the effectiveness of other in the work unit. In other words, we wloud be missing important information if we only considered, for example, "share information and resource" and did not consider the additional behavior listed earlier.
Because not all behaviors are oobservable or measuvable or measurable, performance management systems often include measures of results or consequences that we infer are the direct result of employees's behavior. take the case of a salesperson ehose job consists of visiting register and talks on the phone. When her manager is in the store, she shows a high level of effort, but her coworker complain that, as soon as the manager leaves, Jane stops working. her overall performance, therefore, is likely to be poor because, although she has the declarative and procedural knowledge neccessary to do the job, she is not motivated to apply them to her job when her supervisor is not watching her.