This notion has long been recognized at both international and domestic levels. Most
international copyright treaties contain provisions which aim at balancing these interests, for
instance Article 9(1) and (2) of the Berne Convention. Article 9(1) strengthens the exclusive
right of authors by providing that authors of literary and artistic works shall have the exclusive
right of authorizing the reproduction of these works in any manner, while Article 9(2) protects
the public interest by allowing countries to create the exceptions to the reproduction right in
their domestic law. It is believed that a common concern over the public interest in the widest
dissemination of information served as the rationale behind the exceptions contained in
Article 9, such exceptions having been formulated with the aim of maintaining this balance
between private interest and public interest