More recent research has begun to refine the prevailing dual-process
model. For example, Conway and Gawronski (2013) demonstrated that
people may arrive at utilitarian judgments via 1) endorsement of the
utilitarian position or 2) rejection of the deontological position. A
parallel may be drawn for deontological judgments. The present studies
build on this idea by identifying a well-studied, individual difference
variable that predicts a priori who will follow one of two routes to
utilitarian judgment.