The business platform of Xerox was also undermined as a result of strong competition from
the Japanese copiers (stated above). The falling market share during the 1970s-1980s indicated
that Xerox’s business platform was eroded. Although Xerox had brand strength and the capabilities of PARC[3] that enabled it to enter new businesses (stated above), Xerox was slow to bring the new products to commercialisation. Thus Xerox could not fully exploit its business platform capabilities to subsequent advantage. The competition in the plain paper copier market increased in the 1990s as non-traditional competitors in the printer business like Hewlett-Packard took printed pages away from the copier business. The Japanese copiers, e.g. Canon, Ricoh,Konica also continued to take the share in the copier business. The situation became worse when Xerox’s attempt to reorganise its salesforce backfired. Xerox kept losing market share and was in a state of near collapse. The falling business platform is reflected in Xerox’s stock price plunge (Figure 9). Xerox’s market value was 8 times lower than that of Hewlett-Packard and not much larger than the Japanese competitors’ (Table X). The market to book value and operating profit of Xerox (Figure 10) were dwarfed by the major rivals like Hewlett-Packard and Canon. The market share of only 25.8 per cent in the late 1990s comparing to the share of 90 per cent-100 per cent in the 1970s indicates that Xerox is much less competitive than before and charts the erosion of its business platform. From the study, Xerox built a technology platform as well as business platform but could not maintain them to enjoy continued platform advantage. As the market is now moving towards the digital copier and networked solutions, there are many competitors who are ready to compete in the light of this new opportunity. Canon, a rival of Xerox, is a pioneer in digital and colour copiers. Hewlett-Packard also competes in the digital market with its high-speed digital electronic copier and printer. These are indications of increased competition in the copier market. Xerox strategy to rival Canon or Hewlett-Packard and rebuild its platform with its strategy of “document processing” has attracted little confidence in the market. Figure 11 gives an overview of the progress of plain paper copier innovation as a result of innovators’using strategies in managing innovation. The circle represents the total revenue pool of innovation in the plain paper copier market. Xerox had the dominant market share during the 1960s-1970s because its superior copier protected by the strong patent and the aggressive direct selling enabled Xerox to develop a new market. In other words, Xerox could get rid of competing copiers (alternative copiers with different technologies) with the launch of its
superior one-touch copier (copier model 914). Also, Xerox initiated the concept of leasing which not only allowed it to remove technology risk for customers but also gave it an extremely strong position in the marketplace. In the early 1970s, Xerox controlled the plain paper copier market
with 100 per cent market share. The largest market share could best be adjudged as the internal
benefits. Xerox was satisfied with its internal benefits and therefore did not see collaboration as
important.
เวทีธุรกิจของ Xerox ยังถูกทำลายจากการแข่งขันพริ้นญี่ปุ่น (กล่าว) ส่วนแบ่งการตลาดลดลงในช่วงทศวรรษ 1970 ไฟต์ที่ระบุthat Xerox’s business platform was eroded. Although Xerox had brand strength and the capabilities of PARC[3] that enabled it to enter new businesses (stated above), Xerox was slow to bring the new products to commercialisation. Thus Xerox could not fully exploit its business platform capabilities to subsequent advantage. The competition in the plain paper copier market increased in the 1990s as non-traditional competitors in the printer business like Hewlett-Packard took printed pages away from the copier business. The Japanese copiers, e.g. Canon, Ricoh,Konica also continued to take the share in the copier business. The situation became worse when Xerox’s attempt to reorganise its salesforce backfired. Xerox kept losing market share and was in a state of near collapse. The falling business platform is reflected in Xerox’s stock price plunge (Figure 9). Xerox’s market value was 8 times lower than that of Hewlett-Packard and not much larger than the Japanese competitors’ (Table X). The market to book value and operating profit of Xerox (Figure 10) were dwarfed by the major rivals like Hewlett-Packard and Canon. The market share of only 25.8 per cent in the late 1990s comparing to the share of 90 per cent-100 per cent in the 1970s indicates that Xerox is much less competitive than before and charts the erosion of its business platform. From the study, Xerox built a technology platform as well as business platform but could not maintain them to enjoy continued platform advantage. As the market is now moving towards the digital copier and networked solutions, there are many competitors who are ready to compete in the light of this new opportunity. Canon, a rival of Xerox, is a pioneer in digital and colour copiers. Hewlett-Packard also competes in the digital market with its high-speed digital electronic copier and printer. These are indications of increased competition in the copier market. Xerox strategy to rival Canon or Hewlett-Packard and rebuild its platform with its strategy of “document processing” has attracted little confidence in the market. Figure 11 gives an overview of the progress of plain paper copier innovation as a result of innovators’using strategies in managing innovation. The circle represents the total revenue pool of innovation in the plain paper copier market. Xerox had the dominant market share during the 1960s-1970s because its superior copier protected by the strong patent and the aggressive direct selling enabled Xerox to develop a new market. In other words, Xerox could get rid of competing copiers (alternative copiers with different technologies) with the launch of itsห้องซูพีเรียหนึ่งสัมผัสถ่ายเอกสาร (เครื่องถ่ายเอกสารรุ่น 914) ยัง Xerox เริ่มต้นแนวคิดของการเช่าซื้อซึ่งไม่เพียงแต่ให้เอาเทคโนโลยีความเสี่ยงสำหรับลูกค้า แต่ยัง ให้ตำแหน่งที่แข็งแกร่งมากในตลาด ใน Xerox ควบคุมตลาดเครื่องถ่ายเอกสารกระดาษธรรมดามีส่วนแบ่งตลาดร้อยละ 100 ส่วนจะ adjudged ส่วนแบ่งการตลาดที่ใหญ่ที่สุดเป็นการภายในประโยชน์ Xerox ไม่พอใจกับประโยชน์ภายใน และดังนั้นจึง ไม่ได้เห็นความร่วมมือเป็นสำคัญ
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