Figure 12. A nurse wearing the Blockley double-frill cap. Image courtesy of Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing.
Undergraduates wore a simpler single-frill cap. The original single frills were made of organdy, with a single row of fluting and a high, gathered crown. This cap could be purchased for 13 cents and it lasted for 2 weeks before having to be replaced, unless the cap was pressed carefully between the pages of a book every night, which might make it last for a month.[7] Later, a more practical Dutch-style cap of muslin, which could also be folded flat into a book, was introduced for students and worn until 1961 when the single frill was resurrected.
University of Maryland: The Flossie
The cap of the University of Maryland School of Nursing, known as the "Flossie," was designed in 1892 by the school's first superintendent, Louisa Parsons, who modeled it after one of Florence Nightingale's own caps and named it after the great lady (Flossie is a nickname for Florence). Miss Nightingale gave her a pattern for a cap and some point d'esprit lace, as well as the privilege of bestowing it upon the nurses at the school of nursing she planned to establish.
However, the original lace Flossie proved difficult to maintain (Figures 13 and 14). Convinced that too much time and effort went into making and laundering it, in 1900, Superintendent of Nurses Katharine A. Taylor simplified the design and designated it as the graduate cap. Students wore a different, probationer's cap. Senior nursing students at the school would be taught how to string their Flossie caps at graduation, and a "fluting ceremony" was held for probationers to teach them how to flute their caps.[8]
Figure 13. The lacy Flossie, named for Florence Nightingale. Image courtesy of the University of Maryland School of Nursing Museum.
Figure 14. University of Maryland graduate nurse wearing the Flossie. Image courtesy of the University of Maryland School of Nursing Museum.
Massachusetts General Hospital: The Ether Cap or Flat Top
Credited with being the first hospital training school to mandate wearing of a standard cap style,[6] a cap was designed in 1878 for the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Training School for Nurses. MGH's first cap is believed to have been modeled after the ether cone, a device used to administer ether before surgery. In fact, the first public demonstration of the use of ether was conducted at MGH in 1846. This early nurse's cap was sometimes referred to as the "ether cap" or "ether cone." (Georgia Pierce, personal communication, March 28, 2011) (Figure 15).
Figure 15. MGH class of 1886 wearing the school's original nurse's cap, sometimes called the "ether cap."Image courtesy of the Massachusetts General Hospital Nursing Alumnae Association.
Caps were first introduced at MGH against the wishes of some of the nurses, but after the nurses had adopted caps, the maids of the hospital also requested them.[9] Probationers were given a piece of crinoline and they made their own caps. Initially a tall cap large enough to cover the nurse's hair, the cap became smaller over the years, and in 1951 a new, smaller and flatter cap was introduced which became known (along with the nurses who wore them) as "flat tops" (Figures 16 and 17).
Figure 12. A nurse wearing the Blockley double-frill cap. Image courtesy of Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing.Undergraduates wore a simpler single-frill cap. The original single frills were made of organdy, with a single row of fluting and a high, gathered crown. This cap could be purchased for 13 cents and it lasted for 2 weeks before having to be replaced, unless the cap was pressed carefully between the pages of a book every night, which might make it last for a month.[7] Later, a more practical Dutch-style cap of muslin, which could also be folded flat into a book, was introduced for students and worn until 1961 when the single frill was resurrected.University of Maryland: The FlossieThe cap of the University of Maryland School of Nursing, known as the "Flossie," was designed in 1892 by the school's first superintendent, Louisa Parsons, who modeled it after one of Florence Nightingale's own caps and named it after the great lady (Flossie is a nickname for Florence). Miss Nightingale gave her a pattern for a cap and some point d'esprit lace, as well as the privilege of bestowing it upon the nurses at the school of nursing she planned to establish.However, the original lace Flossie proved difficult to maintain (Figures 13 and 14). Convinced that too much time and effort went into making and laundering it, in 1900, Superintendent of Nurses Katharine A. Taylor simplified the design and designated it as the graduate cap. Students wore a different, probationer's cap. Senior nursing students at the school would be taught how to string their Flossie caps at graduation, and a "fluting ceremony" was held for probationers to teach them how to flute their caps.[8]
Figure 13. The lacy Flossie, named for Florence Nightingale. Image courtesy of the University of Maryland School of Nursing Museum.
Figure 14. University of Maryland graduate nurse wearing the Flossie. Image courtesy of the University of Maryland School of Nursing Museum.
Massachusetts General Hospital: The Ether Cap or Flat Top
Credited with being the first hospital training school to mandate wearing of a standard cap style,[6] a cap was designed in 1878 for the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Training School for Nurses. MGH's first cap is believed to have been modeled after the ether cone, a device used to administer ether before surgery. In fact, the first public demonstration of the use of ether was conducted at MGH in 1846. This early nurse's cap was sometimes referred to as the "ether cap" or "ether cone." (Georgia Pierce, personal communication, March 28, 2011) (Figure 15).
Figure 15. MGH class of 1886 wearing the school's original nurse's cap, sometimes called the "ether cap."Image courtesy of the Massachusetts General Hospital Nursing Alumnae Association.
Caps were first introduced at MGH against the wishes of some of the nurses, but after the nurses had adopted caps, the maids of the hospital also requested them.[9] Probationers were given a piece of crinoline and they made their own caps. Initially a tall cap large enough to cover the nurse's hair, the cap became smaller over the years, and in 1951 a new, smaller and flatter cap was introduced which became known (along with the nurses who wore them) as "flat tops" (Figures 16 and 17).
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