1. Personal accountability is diminished, as individual contributions are less recognizable in a group.
2. There is a perceived dispensab of effort – individuals believe that their contribution will not make a difference in the end.
3. Individuals may try to create an equity of effort, in that they will try to match the effort exerted by other group members. By nature this output is low, however, as each member must wait for everyone to take their turn.
4. Diffusion of responsibility: individuals think they are less accountable for group behaviour versus their own behaviour.