Effect of travel distance and season of the year on blood biochemical components
The results of the blood biochemical examinations of broilers transported at three different travel distances during different ambient temperatures (10 to 20°C winter, 15 to 25°C fall and 25 to 35°C summer), are given in Tables 1 and 2.
Triglyceride
Data in Tables 1 and 2 shows during winter months for broilers that traveled distances of 15 and 50 km transport and after 150 km a highly significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in triglyceride concentration as compared to before transport. At summer, the triglyceride level decreased in broilers after 50 and 150 km of transport as compared to after all distances (P < 0.05) during fall temperature and after distances of 15, 50, and 150 km (P < 0.05) during winter temperature.
Uric acid
Data in Tables 1 and 2 showed that transportation at fall and winter increased the level of uric acid (P < 0.05) in broilers after 15, 50 and 150 km of transport as compared to the broilers sampled before transport. Under summer conditions, the concentration of uric acid was also elevated (P < 0.05) in broilers after 15 and 150 km as compared to 50 km or the pre-transport level. The lowest concentration of uric acid in broilers was before transport in fall and winter season.
Glucose
Glucose level in broilers decreased (P < 0.05) after 150 km of transport in fall and winter season as compared to the broilers before transport. While at winter season there was significant (P < 0.05) decreases in glucose level after 15 km of transport. The concentration of glucose was lower in broilers after 150 km of transport (P < 0.05) and after 50 km of transport (P < 0.05) during fall season than after 15 km of transport (Table 2). It could be concluded from these results that blood glucose concentration in broilers decreases after long transportation distances at fall and winter season.
Lactic dehydrogenase enzyme activity
No travel distance effect on lactate dehydrogenase concentrations was found for all monitored ambient temperatures. The lactate dehydrogenase level decreased significantly with travel distance increase in broilers transported over all distances (15, 50, and 150 km) as compared to the broilers sampled before transport (Table 1). In addition, the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase after 150 km of transport at summer season was elevated (P< 0.05) in comparison with after 50 km of transport. No significant effect of different ambient temperatures on the lactate dehydrogenase level in broilers was found in this experiment (Table 2).
Heterophil:Lymphocyte (H:L) ratio
The H:L ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05) in broilers transported over all distances (15, 50, and 150 km) as compared to the broilers sampled before transport (Table 1). In addition, the H:L ratio at summer in broilers after 150 km of transport was higher (P<0.05) than after 50 km of transport. The H:L ratio at summer increased significantly while at winter and fall no significant effect on the H:L ratio in broilers was found (Table 2).
Corticosterone hormone
Corticosterone level increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 50 km of transport in comparison with broilers sampled before transport at all monitored ambient temperatures, and after 150 km of transport it was highly increased (P < 0.05) at winter and summer seasons as compared to the broilers sampled before transport. In addition, under conditions of winter temperature, the corticosterone level increased significantly (P < 0.05) in broilers transported 150 km as compared to the broilers transported 15 or 50 km (Table 2). The concentration of corticosterone was higher at winter temperatures than at summer and fall temperatures in groups transported for various distances, 15, 50 and 150 km and their control and this increase was significant (P < 0.05). After 15 km of transport the difference between winter and summer seasons in corticosterone level was significant (P < 0.05) (Table 2).
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