But there is an even more fundamental issue. For the most part, the project of democratizing “democracies” has been conceived as a matter of progressively including more classes of individuals within territorial communities. But no matter how universal these inclusions, when represented geographically, the people are only a “demos” insofar as their primary interests and identities are geographical in nature. Nongeographical constituencies—those emerging from race, ethnicity, class, gender, environment, global trade, and so on—are represented only insofar as they intersect with the circumstances of location, producing only an accidental relationship between democratic autonomy (particularly the distributions of opportunities necessary for self-determination) and forms of representation (Bohman 2007; cf. Gould 2004, Held & Koenig-Archibugi 2005).
But there is an even more fundamental issue. For the most part, the project of democratizing “democracies” has been conceived as a matter of progressively including more classes of individuals within territorial communities. But no matter how universal these inclusions, when represented geographically, the people are only a “demos” insofar as their primary interests and identities are geographical in nature. Nongeographical constituencies—those emerging from race, ethnicity, class, gender, environment, global trade, and so on—are represented only insofar as they intersect with the circumstances of location, producing only an accidental relationship between democratic autonomy (particularly the distributions of opportunities necessary for self-determination) and forms of representation (Bohman 2007; cf. Gould 2004, Held & Koenig-Archibugi 2005).
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