THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence refers to:
“the capacity to acquire and apply knowledge.” "the capacity to reason validly about information."
Definition of Intelligence
The ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations : the skilled use of reason
The cognitive abilities of an individual to learn from experience, to reason well, and to cope effectively with the demands of daily living.
What is Intelligence?
"Intelligence, as a hypothetical construct, is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment”
What is Intelligence?
Although experts differ on an exact definition of intelligence most agree that intelligent behavior has at least two components:
1.The ability to learn from experience.
2.The ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
No one real definition
Although, psychologists have agreed on that the key to understand intelligence is the ability of the environment adaptation, scholars still don’t agree to a single Theory of Intelligence.
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
All the way back in 1963, a psychologist named Raymond Cattell noticed that there are two distinct forms of intelligence that he wanted to identify and study.
Fluid versus Crystallized Intelligence
Two Kinds of Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence is defined as the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns.
This ability is considered independent of learning, experience, and education.
Examples:
Solving puzzles and coming up with problem solving strategies.
Find the way out of the maze, or when you’re getting lost.
Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40.
Two Kinds of Intelligence
One way you can think of fluid intelligence is that you'll use it slightly differently each time you're in a new situation, so it's flexible and adaptive - like water in its fluid form.
Two Kinds of Intelligence
Crystallized Intelligence – learning from past experiences and learning.
Crystallized intelligence is defined as the ability to use learned knowledge and experience.
This type of intelligence is based upon facts and rooted in experiences.
Situations that require crystallized intelligence include reading comprehension and vocabulary exams.
This type of intelligence becomes stronger as we age and accumulate new knowledge and understanding.