Food security is one of the greatest global ‘grand challenges’ of
he 21st Century. The world’s population reached 7 billion in 2012,
and will rise to 9 billion in 2040 (median projection for growth;
United Nations, 2014). The rate of change varies from one part of the
world to another; the corresponding increase in the population of
Africa will more than double from 1 billion to 2 billion over this
period (Fig. 1).
A growing population requires a continuing supply of the
essential raw materials, for construction, as fertilisers, and as raw
materials for the manufacture of consumer goods. The global
onsumption of metals and minerals more closely correlates with
GDP than with global population, reflecting links between the
demands of a population with an overall increasing standard of
iving (Rogich and Matos, 2008). Demand for energy minerals (fossil
uels) is expected to peak, then fall, within the period 2010–2050
depending on the scenario used for modeling, and recognizing that
alternative energy sources are available (Bentham, 2014; Hallock et
al., 2014). There are no alternatives to mined materials for fertilizer
manufacture.
Food security is one of the greatest global ‘grand challenges’ ofhe 21st Century. The world’s population reached 7 billion in 2012,and will rise to 9 billion in 2040 (median projection for growth;United Nations, 2014). The rate of change varies from one part of theworld to another; the corresponding increase in the population ofAfrica will more than double from 1 billion to 2 billion over thisperiod (Fig. 1).A growing population requires a continuing supply of theessential raw materials, for construction, as fertilisers, and as rawmaterials for the manufacture of consumer goods. The globalonsumption of metals and minerals more closely correlates withGDP than with global population, reflecting links between thedemands of a population with an overall increasing standard ofiving (Rogich and Matos, 2008). Demand for energy minerals (fossiluels) is expected to peak, then fall, within the period 2010–2050depending on the scenario used for modeling, and recognizing thatalternative energy sources are available (Bentham, 2014; Hallock etal., 2014). There are no alternatives to mined materials for fertilizermanufacture.
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