The primary goal of this paper is to investigate the catalyst characterization and biodiesel yield of a biodiesel
converted from a used cooking oil source via heterogeneous catalysts derived from very rare type
of eggshell: ostrich-eggshell (ostrich-eggshell derived CaO). It also aims to compare the performance of
CaO catalyst derived from both waste ostrich-eggshell and the conventional chicken-eggshell, and to find
the optimum conditions for biodiesel production. The prepared catalysts were then characterized by
using XRD, FT-IR, BET, SEM, TGA and CO2-TPD. The parametric effects on the biodiesel production, such
as catalyst concentration, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature, reaction time, speed and
reusability of the catalyst were investigated. The experimental result showed that 1.5 wt.% catalyst,
12:1 M ratio of methanol to oil, 65 C reaction temperature, 2 h reaction time with speed of 250 rpm gave
the best results. It was found that the ostrich-eggshell derived CaO catalyst shows higher surface area,
higher basicity and smaller particle size. The maximum biodiesel yield is 96% and 94% for calcined
ostrich-eggshell and chicken-eggshell, respectively. The CaO catalyst derived from waste calcined ostrich
and chicken-eggshell maintained a good catalytic activity even after being repeatedly used for 5 cycles
with yield around 70%, which implies potential saving and affordable biodiesel production possibilities