To be able to test hypotheses and answer research
questions, variables in research need to be quantified and thus
must be measurable. Items measuring the research constructs
were developed into research questionnaires. Questionnaire
sources used for operationalization of the research constructs
are derived from different research areas and/or research
models and modified for the context of mobile learning
applications. The questionnaires were adapted from the
research studies as presented in following table.