This special issue is a product of these two meetings and brings together fifteen papers on the common theme of soil organic phosphorus cycling. The papers cover a variety of subject areas, including soil ecology, agriculture, microbial ecology, and ecosystem development, and involve a variety of analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, enzyme hydrolysis, microbial sequencing, and stable and radioactive isotopes. Together, they provide a crossdisciplinary insight into recent developments in organic phosphorus cycling in agriculture and the environment.