Conclusion: Foreign Aid Implications
The World Bank seems occasionally to have become discouraged by the
problems of doing urban development. Consequently, according to Baken
and van der Linden (l993: 3), the Bank has mistakenly shifted to emphasizing
market efficiency, a reduced role for the government, and "some sort of
trickling down mechanism." In other words, Bank loans are to go less for
governmental urban projects and more for reducing constraints on urban
productivity and for better access to infrastructure, credit, and social services.