In this study, 565 fourth-grade students and their nine physical education teachers were voluntary participants. The students were
assessed in four basic specialized manipulative skills and four fitness components during regular physical education lessons. Data were analyzed
with descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and multiple R2 liner regression methods.
Results: Boys were more proficient at the manipulative skills than girls, while girls had significant higher percentages for meeting the healthy
fitness zone for the fitness tests than boys. Four manipulative skills significantly predicted progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run
(PACER), push-up, and trunk lifts tests at p < 0.05 levels, but not curl-up test for both boys and girls. Boys and girls in the Skill-Competent
group significantly outperformed their counterparts in the Skill-Incompetent group on PACER, push-up, and trunk lift tests at p < 0.05 level,
with an exception of curl-up test.