Edo Period (1603~1867) was the time when Japan was under the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Age of Wars when local warlords struggled with one another, the peaceful times continued for more than 250 years. That made the life of citizens stable and developed business, manufacturing, the arts and entertainments.
By restricting the trades with foreign countries, the unique cultures based on the Japanese climates flourished and the urban life of citizens dramatically developed. Thus Edo became one of the biggest cities in the world with a population of more than 1 million.