3.4. Determination of TNF-α production by LPS-activated marcrophages
TNF-α is a main proinflammatory cytokine that is primarily produced by macrophages and has various proinflammatory effects on many cell types. Excessive production of TNF-α has linked in a number of physiological effects, including septic shock, inflammation and cytotoxicity. LPS induces excessive production of cytokines by macrophages, a process that is further increased by autocrine and paracrine routes, tremendously increasing the severity of the immune response which causes inflammation. Thus, the inhibition of cytokine production or function is a key mechanism in the control of inflammation (Jung et al., 2008). In the present study, compound 8 significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 of 28.8 µM, while 11, 12 and 13 possessed mild to moderate activity with IC50 of 95.1, 51.1 and 36.1 µM, respectively (Table 2). Compounds 8, 12 and 13 exhibited higher effect than the positive control, indomethacin (IC50=93.4 µM). These findings indicated that diarylheptanoids isolated from Boesenbergia longiflora are effective on the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production which might be through the regulation of the TNF-α transcriptional levels. Therefore, the gene expressions were further investigated in order to clarify the mechanism of action.
3.4. Determination of TNF-α production by LPS-activated marcrophages
TNF-α is a main proinflammatory cytokine that is primarily produced by macrophages and has various proinflammatory effects on many cell types. Excessive production of TNF-α has linked in a number of physiological effects, including septic shock, inflammation and cytotoxicity. LPS induces excessive production of cytokines by macrophages, a process that is further increased by autocrine and paracrine routes, tremendously increasing the severity of the immune response which causes inflammation. Thus, the inhibition of cytokine production or function is a key mechanism in the control of inflammation (Jung et al., 2008). In the present study, compound 8 significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 of 28.8 µM, while 11, 12 and 13 possessed mild to moderate activity with IC50 of 95.1, 51.1 and 36.1 µM, respectively (Table 2). Compounds 8, 12 and 13 exhibited higher effect than the positive control, indomethacin (IC50=93.4 µM). These findings indicated that diarylheptanoids isolated from Boesenbergia longiflora are effective on the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production which might be through the regulation of the TNF-α transcriptional levels. Therefore, the gene expressions were further investigated in order to clarify the mechanism of action.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
