The farmers practiced growing cassava and mungbean in the paddy fields indicating that they
show a large emphasis on short-term adaptation options (autonomous adaptation) against drought.
Farmer A and B who grow cassava earn net income about 619 and 720 USD, respectively. While
the farmers who grown mungbean received net income about 106 USD, the farm incomes received
by the farmers, although, seem relatively low. But, it’s so important for livelihood of the
smallholder farmers in drought year. Some farmers changes in land allocation (long-term
adaptation or planned adaptation) by replacing of rice with sugarcane, especially in upper paddy
fields. This means substitution of crop with high inter-annual yield variability by crop with more
stable yields. Other current adaptation, some farmers devoted upper paddy fields to build on farm
pond for collecting water during the rainy season.