ANOVAs were conducted on the measures taken at the first and second prenatal visits and the postnatal visit. As can be
seen in Table 1, the depressed versus non-depressed black women had: (1) higher depression, anxiety, anger and daily hassles
scores at the first prenatal visit; (2) higher depression, anxiety, anger and sleep disturbances scores at the second prenatal
visit (M = 32 weeks) as well as higher cortisol levels; and (3) higher depression, anxiety, anger and sleep disturbances scores
at the postnatal visit. Also, at the first prenatal visit, a greater percentage of the depressed mothers answered positively
to: (1) having a stressful situation during pregnancy (45% of the depressed mothers versus 28% of non-depressed mothers,
X2 = 8.62, p = .003); (2) not being “happy when they found out they were pregnant” (40% versus 25%, X2 = 6.86, p = .009); and
(3) their partners not being “happy when they found out they were pregnant” (21% versus 9%, X2 = 7.60, p = .006). As can be
seen in Table 2, the depressed versus non-depressed black women had less optimal neonatal outcomes including: (1) lower
gestational age; (2) a greater incidence of prematurity; (3) lower birthweight; and 4) a lower birthweight percentage for
gestational age