Stimulus control therapy
A set of instructions designed to reassociate the bed/bedroom with sleep and to re-establish a consistent sleep-wake schedule: (1) Goto bed only when sleepy; (2) get out of bed when unable to sleep; (3) use the bed/bedroom for sleep only (no reading, watching TV,etc.); (4) arise at the same time every morning; (5) no napping.
Sleep restriction therapy
A method designed to curtail time in bed to the actual amount of sleep time. For example, if a patient reports sleeping an average of 6 hours per night out of 8 hours spent in bed, the initial recommended sleep window (from lights out to final arising time)would be 6 hours. Periodic adjustments to this sleep window are made contingent on sleep efficiency until an optimal sleep duration is reached.
Relaxation training
Clinical procedures aimed at reducing somatic tension (e.g., progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training) or intrusive thoughts at bedtime (e.g., imagery training, meditation) interfering with sleep.
Cognitive therapy
Psychological methods aimed at challenging and changing misconceptions about sleep and faulty beliefs about insomnia and its perceived daytime consequences. Other cognitive procedures may include paradoxical intention or methods aimed at reducing or preventing excessive monitoring of and worrying about insomnia
and its correlates/consequences.
Sleep hygiene education
General guidelines about health practices (e.g., diet, exercise, substance use) and environmental factors (e.g., light, noise, temperature) that may promote or interfere with sleep. This may also include some basic information about normal sleep and changes in sleep patterns with aging