Modern hydro meteorological observation and forecasting systems are directed to increasing the
maximum potential lead time (TWP) for anticipating a hazardous event. For example, the National
Weather Service (NWS) weather forecast offices (WFOs) have been equipped with new-generation
weather radars (NEXRAD) that provide rapid updates on storm rain-drop reflectivity and rainfall
intensity. These and associated WFO observational technologies have enhanced forecasters’ capabilities
to observe and anticipate movements of severe rainfall events. Hydro meteorological observation
and forecasting systems are continuing to advance by incorporating numerical models on
storm dynamics and movement. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA)
Hydro meteorological Testbed (HMT) (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/research/programs/) seeks to demonstrate
the use of advanced observational and modeling tools on quantitative precipitation estimation
(QPE) and quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) to improve hydro logical forecasts and
warnings. The HMT is described as a case study below.