The Purpose of the Accrual Based on Accounting
The primary purpose accrual accounting is help to investors in assessing the economic performance of a company during a period through the application of accounting principles such profit compliance and identify. There is evidence that on those accordance as a result application of accrual, accounting profit is smoother than cash flows related to it (Accruals have negative relationship with related cash flows). (Daniel Et al 2010)
The Definition of Earnings Management
Schipper (1989) expressions: Earnings management is intentional interference in external financial reporting process with intent to obtain a benefit. Healy and Wahlen (1999) say: Earnings management occurs when managers use personal judgments in financial reporting and can be manipulated structure of the equations order to change the financial reporting. (Chen 2009)
Earnings Management in Financial Accounting Theory
Earnings management could be examined both the terms of the contract and financial reporting. Terms of the contract, earnings management acts as one way of low-cost for support the company against unforeseen circumstances in contracts. In terms of financial reporting, managers are able to influence on company's stock market value by earnings management. (Burgstahler 1997)
Earnings Management Utility
Good Earnings Management in the Face of Bad Earnings Management: In bad earnings management same inappropriate earnings management be efforts the actual operating performance of the company kept secret using created artificial accounting records or changes in estimates from reasonable rates. Against, there is good earnings management. An wise and appropriate activity that is a part of the financial management process and restore of shareholder value. Good earnings management is everyday process of corporate governance with excellent management, during which management is determined reasonable budget. (Graham 2005)