6.7 Mental state*
6.7.1 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - BPRS (Overall 1962)
The BPRS is an 18-item scale measuring positive symptoms, general
psychopathology and affective symptoms. The original scale
has 16 items, but a revised 18-item scale is commonly used. Scores
can range from 0 to 126. Each item is rated on a seven-point scale
varying from ’not present’ to ’extremely severe’, with high scores
indicating more severe symptoms. Seventeen studies reported data
from this scale.
6.7.2 General Well-being Schedule - GWB (Taylor 2003)
This is an 18-item, reliable measurement scale for psychological
well-being. High scores indicate better outcome. One study reported
data from this scale.
6.7.3 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - PANSS (Kay 1986)
This is a 30-item scale, each of which can be defined on a sevenpoint
scoring systemfromabsent to extreme. It has three sub-scales
for measuring the severity of general psychopathology, positive
symptoms (PANSS-P), and negative symptoms (PANSS-N). A
low score indicates lesser severity. Two studies reported data from
this scale.
6.7.4 Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale - SES (Rosenberg 1965)
The scale is a 10-item Likert scale with items answered on a fourpoint
scale - from strongly agree to strongly disagree. High scores
indicate better outcome. One study reported data from this scale.