Growth of organism like yeast, in a medium rich in nutrient requires large aeration for complete utilizations for building of cell mass. The catalytic activities of the organism are fully utilized if the oxygen level can be maintained at a particular concentration in the immediate vicinity of the cells [1]. At the same time shear due to aeration and agitation should be kept at a reasonable level as the higher shear rates may physically damage the cells, thereby affecting the microorganisms.
In the case of growth of yeast cells nutrient rich medium can be fully utilized to give cell mass if dissolved oxygen concentration can be maintained at a desired level in the direct vicinity of the cells. During biotransformation of benzaldehyde to l-phenyl acetyl carbinol (l-PAC) by yeast cells the level of oxygen should be such that it should maintain organisms in the active form to maximize the production of l-PAC and reduce the production of other by-products. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), is commonly used in many of the bioprocess as it allows efficient contacting of three phases, i.e. gas, liquid medium and solid cells. In the case of CSTR, the aspect ratio is maintained more than 1, to ensure high residence time of gas phase, increase the transfer efficiency and to ensure less power input on introduction of gas, uniform power dissipation. The shear can be reduced by operating the impellers at lower speed. For the same volume of liquid, multiple impellers on a single shaft with appropriate combination and spacing are being suggested as optimum [2]. In such cases mixing and mass transfer are dependent on the flow rate of gas, type of agitator and its speed and properties of liquids. Power consumption per impeller decreases with an increase in the number of impellers [2] and this increases the uniformity of energy dissipation. A combination of DT–PTD has been reported to give highest values of fractional gas hold-up and of gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient with least power input for air–water system by Arjunwadkar et al. [3].
In the case of biotransformation of benzaldehyde to l-PAC (which is an intermediate of various α- and β-adrenergic drugs like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) growing of the cell mass and biotransformation of benzaldehyde under regulatory conditions to obtain maximal cell mass and l-PAC are the main aims. Under normal fermentation conditions quantitative conversion of benzaldehyde into l-PAC has never been achieved [5] and [6]. Formation of l-PAC has been reported to be associated with the formation of by-products like benzyl alcohol, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol (PAC-diol) and benzoic acid. The present study aims at the scale-up of the biotransformation of benzaldehyde to l-PAC from shake flask to 5 l bioreactor with KLa as a scale-up criteria.
Growth of organism like yeast, in a medium rich in nutrient requires large aeration for complete utilizations for building of cell mass. The catalytic activities of the organism are fully utilized if the oxygen level can be maintained at a particular concentration in the immediate vicinity of the cells [1]. At the same time shear due to aeration and agitation should be kept at a reasonable level as the higher shear rates may physically damage the cells, thereby affecting the microorganisms.In the case of growth of yeast cells nutrient rich medium can be fully utilized to give cell mass if dissolved oxygen concentration can be maintained at a desired level in the direct vicinity of the cells. During biotransformation of benzaldehyde to l-phenyl acetyl carbinol (l-PAC) by yeast cells the level of oxygen should be such that it should maintain organisms in the active form to maximize the production of l-PAC and reduce the production of other by-products. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), is commonly used in many of the bioprocess as it allows efficient contacting of three phases, i.e. gas, liquid medium and solid cells. In the case of CSTR, the aspect ratio is maintained more than 1, to ensure high residence time of gas phase, increase the transfer efficiency and to ensure less power input on introduction of gas, uniform power dissipation. The shear can be reduced by operating the impellers at lower speed. For the same volume of liquid, multiple impellers on a single shaft with appropriate combination and spacing are being suggested as optimum [2]. In such cases mixing and mass transfer are dependent on the flow rate of gas, type of agitator and its speed and properties of liquids. Power consumption per impeller decreases with an increase in the number of impellers [2] and this increases the uniformity of energy dissipation. A combination of DT–PTD has been reported to give highest values of fractional gas hold-up and of gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient with least power input for air–water system by Arjunwadkar et al. [3].In the case of biotransformation of benzaldehyde to l-PAC (which is an intermediate of various α- and β-adrenergic drugs like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine) growing of the cell mass and biotransformation of benzaldehyde under regulatory conditions to obtain maximal cell mass and l-PAC are the main aims. Under normal fermentation conditions quantitative conversion of benzaldehyde into l-PAC has never been achieved [5] and [6]. Formation of l-PAC has been reported to be associated with the formation of by-products like benzyl alcohol, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanediol (PAC-diol) and benzoic acid. The present study aims at the scale-up of the biotransformation of benzaldehyde to l-PAC from shake flask to 5 l bioreactor with KLa as a scale-up criteria.
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