If different leadership styles are appropriate in organizational
change projects, then we should expect it to be the
same for other types of projects (Mu¨ ller and Turner,
2007). This study extends the work of Dulewicz and Higgs
(2005) by going beyond organizational change projects and
defining leadership profiles also for engineering & construction
projects, as well as information & telecommunication
technology projects. Through that a framework of leadership
profiles of successful project managers is developed,
which serves as a template for the development of project
managers in their particular type of projects. With the competence
school originating from research in permanent
organizations, the present paper also attempts to assess
which leadership profile comes closest to leadership in
projects.