Although the ECLS-B provides a representative sample of women who gave birth to children in 2001, it was not designed to examine only the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on children’s developmental outcomes. As a result, the relatively small sample size, especially at higher levels of alcohol consumption, may be susceptible to sampling and respondent bias. In addition, the use of dichotomous variables may limit our finding robust associations that account for substantial variance. This is especially true when examining relatively rare developmental outcomes, which require much larger sample sizes to better estimate the levels of drinking behavior during pregnancy. Our findings are also different from those of previous researchers. Such discrepancies may be due to differences in data collection methodologies and sampling parameters employed. For example, only birth mothers were given the alcohol consumption questions in the ECLS-B, which means that children were not represented in the study if they were exposed to alcohol in utero but not living with their birth mothers.