The principles of lacustrine wetlands restoration need to integrate the social aspects and available techniques. These include the nature of the water use, problem formulation, public awareness, funding, and restoration measures. The choice of lacustrine wetlands restoration measures has to be considered in the context of different anthropogenic effects and the limnological characteristics. The most common targets of lacustrine wetlands restoration are the management of water quality, specific plant or animal protection, or habitat improvement [9-12]. Some misconceptions of lacustrine wetlands and their restoration still need to be further investigated even significant progresses have been made so far. Too often, what we want is not only the improvement of a single indicator, but also the maintenance of the whole ecosystem [13-14]. To achieve this, it is more appropriate to shift the emphasis in ecological restoration from reestablishing individual naturalistic community of plants and animals in the damaged ecosystems or water quality improvement to restoring ecological sustainability [13]. The restoration of ecological sustainability focuses on the whole ecosystem rather than the individual parts. With a view to the holistic goal, a system must take into account the indicators of pressures (e.g. contaminants discharge into the lake), state (i.e. ecosystem structure and function), and social response (e.g. policy interventions) on ecosystems [15]. The Pressure–State–Response (PSR) model developed by Statistics Canada in the mid 1970s includes these elements [16]. This model is widely used as a sustainability assessment framework by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [17-18]. The PSR model is usually criticized due to its inherent limitations to account for the correlations and dynamics between variables and systems [15, 19]. The PSR model will be extended in this research to deal with these limitations.
The principles of lacustrine wetlands restoration need to integrate the social aspects and available techniques. These include the nature of the water use, problem formulation, public awareness, funding, and restoration measures. The choice of lacustrine wetlands restoration measures has to be considered in the context of different anthropogenic effects and the limnological characteristics. The most common targets of lacustrine wetlands restoration are the management of water quality, specific plant or animal protection, or habitat improvement [9-12]. Some misconceptions of lacustrine wetlands and their restoration still need to be further investigated even significant progresses have been made so far. Too often, what we want is not only the improvement of a single indicator, but also the maintenance of the whole ecosystem [13-14]. To achieve this, it is more appropriate to shift the emphasis in ecological restoration from reestablishing individual naturalistic community of plants and animals in the damaged ecosystems or water quality improvement to restoring ecological sustainability [13]. The restoration of ecological sustainability focuses on the whole ecosystem rather than the individual parts. With a view to the holistic goal, a system must take into account the indicators of pressures (e.g. contaminants discharge into the lake), state (i.e. ecosystem structure and function), and social response (e.g. policy interventions) on ecosystems [15]. The Pressure–State–Response (PSR) model developed by Statistics Canada in the mid 1970s includes these elements [16]. This model is widely used as a sustainability assessment framework by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) [17-18]. The PSR model is usually criticized due to its inherent limitations to account for the correlations and dynamics between variables and systems [15, 19]. The PSR model will be extended in this research to deal with these limitations.
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