Factors that are relevant for a coherent program emphasizing undergraduate research have been described by Healey and Jenkins (2009). In this model (see figure one), there are four areas separated by two intersecting axes. The horizontal axis represents the content continuum and goes from having an emphasis on research content to emphasizing research processes and problems. The vertical axis represents the agent continuum, and goes from having students as active participants (agents) to having teacher led instruction with little involvement from students (students are frequently an audience).