4.2 Indirect linkages among CG, IC and CSR
This section gives the findings coming from exploring indirect linkages among IC, CG and
CSR. Figure 3 depicts the structure of the proxy variables for each construct and the
proposed statistical tests used. In conducting indirect tests, we change the structure of IC
and CSR from continuous variables to categorical variables as it is the case for CG. The
reason is simply to test the mean difference of firms’ unsystematic factors based on
categorization of IC, CG and CSR. Categories of CG remain the same as those of rated and
non-rated firms. In case of categorizing IC, we use threshold value of 1 for both proxies of
MV/BV and Tobin Q ratios. Conceptually, the threshold value of 1 is interpreted as a limit for
a firm to show positive expectation for unexplained components of intellectual value.
Therefore, we categorize MV/BV and Tobin Q into two categories: the first category takes
a value below 1 and the second category takes a value above 1. In case of categorizing
CRS, we developed three categories:
4.2 Indirect linkages among CG, IC and CSRThis section gives the findings coming from exploring indirect linkages among IC, CG andCSR. Figure 3 depicts the structure of the proxy variables for each construct and theproposed statistical tests used. In conducting indirect tests, we change the structure of ICand CSR from continuous variables to categorical variables as it is the case for CG. Thereason is simply to test the mean difference of firms’ unsystematic factors based oncategorization of IC, CG and CSR. Categories of CG remain the same as those of rated andnon-rated firms. In case of categorizing IC, we use threshold value of 1 for both proxies ofMV/BV and Tobin Q ratios. Conceptually, the threshold value of 1 is interpreted as a limit fora firm to show positive expectation for unexplained components of intellectual value.Therefore, we categorize MV/BV and Tobin Q into two categories: the first category takesa value below 1 and the second category takes a value above 1. In case of categorizingCRS, we developed three categories:
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