This chapter deals with silk production and future trends in natural silk manufacture, with special emphasis on different varieties of silk, their general characteristics and production aspects. General information on the micro and macro structure of silk and the composition of amino acids is discussed. Detailed information on post-cocoon technology operations, such as silk reeling, silk twisting, silk weaving, etc., has been included. A brief overview of the different stages of spun silk production is also provided. Finally, future trends in silk production are discussed, with respect to various silk producing countries, new avenues of applications of silk and new silk products.