Inverter-Dominated Grids
So what is an inverter-dominated grid? If we examine existing largescale ac power systems, we note that they are predominately powered by conventional synchronous generators. Nuclear, coal, gas, and hydropower systems all utilize synchronous generators to connect to the rest of the electric grid. These generators are interconnected through an extensive transmission and distribution system providing reliable and affordable electricity to customers; however, one of the main distinguishing aspects of VRE integration is that, aside from concentrating solar power, VRE technologies interface to the grid through power electronics devices called inverters that convert native dc electricity into grid-compatible ac power. Although it is common for a VRE resource, such as wind, to utilize multiple ac-dc and dc-ac conversion stages before interfacing to the grid, we focus our attention on the final output stage that converts dc to grid-compatible ac because that is the circuit that directly interacts with the ac power system. In future grids