Nanofibers have become a popular carrier matrix for immobi- lization of specific microorganisms. Simple, versatile, and cost-effective properties of nanofibers made them a promising tool for microbial integration which enhances the bioremediation by efficient removal of contaminants such as dyes and heavy metals from wastewater. This chapter describes the immobilization of specific bacteria on electrospinning nanofibers and its application in bioremediation process.