Chris Argyris has identified and discussed behavior patterns A and B, in addition to Theory X and Y. On
the one hand, Pattern A reflects the interpersonal behavior, group dynamics and organizational norms that
are associated with Theory X, while on the other hand, Pattern B represents the same phenomena but
associated with Theory Y. Pattern A individuals ar e not open, reject experimenting and do not perform
properly in teams. In contrast, Pattern B employees are open, enjoy expe rimenting and also encourage others
to act similarly. Even if Theory X is usually associated with Pattern A individuals and Theory Y with Pattern
B individuals, some managers could be XB or YA. XB managers have negative assumptions about
employees, but they usually are supportive and encourage individuals to be creative, as they have learned
from experience that in this way they will increase productivity. In addition, XB managers engage in
supportive behaviors, as they want to integrate in the organizational environment. On the other hand
managers control and supervise people, although they generally assume people are independent and self-motivated. These managers use pattern A behavior as they are trying to help individuals develop the skills
and competencies needed for creating an environment where they can act as YB managers