less stress and burden. However, research
with grandparents is still needed to substantiate
this assumption.
Culture and Disabilities
There is an increasing understanding
among disability scholars that disability is a
social construct, which is defined variably
across cultures (Ferguson, 2001; Olkin, 1999).
Culture has implications for how families
define and experience disability, how families
experience their interactions with the formal
service system, and how parental child rearing
values develop. While many examples of
cultural differences around disability could be
given, we will give a few that highlight issues
that practitioners need to consider.
Culture influences the way families define
disability. Two examples, the first one coming
from one of the author’s clinical experience,
illustrate how families from India and China
might define a specific condition very
differently than a clinician native to the United
States. For example, a clinician from an early
intervention program, targeting children from
birth to age 3 with developmental delays or
disabilities, was referred to a family who
recently emigrated from India. The presenting
problem was that the child was not walking,
or even crawling very well. During the
assessment, the worker noticed that the child
had extra digits on both hands and feet. When
asked when they planned to schedule surgery
to remove the extra digits, the mother indicated
that no surgery would be scheduled as several
of their extended family members had extra
digits and were not hampered or hindered by
being polydactyl. The clinician identified
being polydactyl as a disability based on her
culture, while the family identified the
condition as a family trait based on their
culture.
A study conducted in China also illustrates
how culture can influence how a problem is
defined. Families may experience different
less stress and burden. However, researchwith grandparents is still needed to substantiatethis assumption.Culture and DisabilitiesThere is an increasing understandingamong disability scholars that disability is asocial construct, which is defined variablyacross cultures (Ferguson, 2001; Olkin, 1999).Culture has implications for how familiesdefine and experience disability, how familiesexperience their interactions with the formalservice system, and how parental child rearingvalues develop. While many examples ofcultural differences around disability could begiven, we will give a few that highlight issuesthat practitioners need to consider.Culture influences the way families definedisability. Two examples, the first one comingfrom one of the author’s clinical experience,illustrate how families from India and Chinamight define a specific condition verydifferently than a clinician native to the UnitedStates. For example, a clinician from an earlyintervention program, targeting children frombirth to age 3 with developmental delays ordisabilities, was referred to a family whorecently emigrated from India. The presentingproblem was that the child was not walking,or even crawling very well. During theassessment, the worker noticed that the childhad extra digits on both hands and feet. Whenasked when they planned to schedule surgeryto remove the extra digits, the mother indicatedthat no surgery would be scheduled as severalof their extended family members had extradigits and were not hampered or hindered bybeing polydactyl. The clinician identifiedbeing polydactyl as a disability based on herculture, while the family identified thecondition as a family trait based on theirculture.A study conducted in China also illustrateshow culture can influence how a problem isdefined. Families may experience different
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