The rate of decline of lung function might be reduced by inhaled medications according to several subgroup analyses. The first subgroup analysis [125] of a randomised trial [67] suggested that LABAs alone, ICS alone, and LABA/ICS may reduce the rate of decline of lung function among patients with varying severities of COPD. The effect was modest, as the reduced rate of decline of lung function achieved with inhaled medications was only about half that achieved with smoking cessation and sustained abstinence [125]. The second subgroup analysis [126] of a randomised trial [122] suggested that LAMAs may reduce the rate of decline of lung function among patients with moderate COPD (i.e. GOLD stage 2), even though the randomised trial found no such effect among the entire population of patients with varying severities of disease.