In Figure 1, focusing only on efficiency gains (i.e. waste elimination) is illustrated as moving from A to B. For example, the implementation of EDI was merely an A to B move. However, ideal improvement happens when moving A !D. That is, improving the effectiveness and the efficiency of the supply chain at the same time. The presented case-study shows that sometimes A!B can be very resource intensive while limited in terms of performance improvement, e.g. implementation of EDI. As a result, the supply chain improvement team opted for an A !C improvement (i.e. review of spec) which was far less resource intensive and inadvertently resulted in considerable efficiency gains.