The study included a total of 150 women (75 were the "improved"
group and 75 were the controls). Mean age ± SD was 63 ± 7.3 ranging
from 43 to 82 years.
Table 1 shows selected sociodemographic characteristics of the
study sample. It was found that around two thirds (65.3%) of the sample
were at the age of less than 65 years. Most of the women were married
(71.3%). The majority (61.3%) were either illiterate or having only highschool education compared to 38.7% who had college, bachelor, masters
or PhD degree. The percentage of housewives was the highest (68%)
compared to retired and employed women (32%). Most of the women
were overweight, obese or very obese (86%) compared to only 14%
who had a normal weight.
Table 2 shows the differences in the age of menarche and the age of
menopause of the “improved” group and the “control” group. It was
observed that the mean age of menopause ± SD of the controls (47.3 ±
6.3 years) was significantly less than mean age of menopause ± SD of
the improved group (49.1 ± 4.9 years), p = 0.042.
Table 3 shows lifestyles associated with improvement in BMD.
Women who were exposed to sun daily were 4.5 times more likely to be
in the improved group, p = 0.000. In addition, women who exposed
their face, hands and arms were 3.48 times more likely to be in the
improved group, p = 0.004. And women who were exposed to sun with
bare skin were almost 6 times more likely to be in the improved group
The study included a total of 150 women (75 were the "improved"group and 75 were the controls). Mean age ± SD was 63 ± 7.3 rangingfrom 43 to 82 years.Table 1 shows selected sociodemographic characteristics of thestudy sample. It was found that around two thirds (65.3%) of the samplewere at the age of less than 65 years. Most of the women were married(71.3%). The majority (61.3%) were either illiterate or having only highschool education compared to 38.7% who had college, bachelor, mastersor PhD degree. The percentage of housewives was the highest (68%)compared to retired and employed women (32%). Most of the womenwere overweight, obese or very obese (86%) compared to only 14%who had a normal weight.Table 2 shows the differences in the age of menarche and the age ofmenopause of the “improved” group and the “control” group. It wasobserved that the mean age of menopause ± SD of the controls (47.3 ±6.3 years) was significantly less than mean age of menopause ± SD ofthe improved group (49.1 ± 4.9 years), p = 0.042.Table 3 shows lifestyles associated with improvement in BMD.Women who were exposed to sun daily were 4.5 times more likely to bein the improved group, p = 0.000. In addition, women who exposedtheir face, hands and arms were 3.48 times more likely to be in theimproved group, p = 0.004. And women who were exposed to sun withbare skin were almost 6 times more likely to be in the improved group
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