Lean production was originated from Toyota with the name
“Toyota Production System (TPS)” or “just-in-time (JIT)”,
or “pull-system.” On the basis of continuous improvement
and the philosophy of doing more with less, lean production
focuses on waste identification and elimination by allowing
only the minimum amount of processing time, lot size,
production resources, material, inventory, and cost.
In recent years, value stream mapping (VSM) has emerged
as the preferred way to implement lean production by mapping
a productive process and identifying waste for improvement.
VSM is a simple but powerful tool using pencil and
paper as well as a predefined set of standardized icons [14,
15]. VSM can be used to identify the waste and then eliminate
the waste, so that the efficiency and productivity can be
improved. In addition, Singh et al. [16] also indicated that
vast literature on value stream mapping and its growing adaptation
in developed and developing countries indicated the
interest shown in this area by researchers and practitioners.