Measures
The Demographic Information Questionnaire is a self-report
measure of demographic (i.e., age, race/ethnicity, gender,
partner status) and socioeconomic characteristics (i.e., annual
household income, education). The Tobacco History
Questionnaire is a self-report measure of tobacco use characteristics
including years of smoking, daily smoking rate, and
time to first cigarette. Breast feeding was assessed with two
questions: (a) “Do you intend to breastfeed?” that was measured
at the prepartum visit and (b) “Are you currently
breastfeeding?” that was measured at 8 weeks postpartum.
Participants responded with either a “yes” or a “no” answer to
each item. It is important to note that breast feeding reflects
“any” breast feeding (rather than “exclusive” or “ever” breast
feeding). Abstinence was defined as a self-report of abstinence
from smoking without any lapses during the previous 7 days
accompanied by either an expired carbon monoxide level of