he formalistic approach is a way of looking at a literary work regardless of generally established terms such as: the name of the author, the author's background, or any biographical detail. This approach expanded after 1930 especially with English and American critics, who therefore are called formalists.
This critical approach interprets the inherent features such as :syntax, grammar and literary devices (tropes). It focuses on : language,form, structure,organization and multiple meanings.
Thus the reader is invited to look closely at the literary work (especially short prose and poetry) for what it is, for the connotative and denotative value of the words, not at the outside aspects related to who and why wrote it.