An activity that managers perform in
Order to reach predefined goals that are derived
From the company’s strategic objectives. Fig. 1 illustrates
This idea by taking a systems perspective on the control of an organization [29]. Two levels
Of control can be seen. At the operational level, a
Comparison of input and output values with predefined
Goals take place. If there is a discrepancy
Between the actual value of the PI and the desired
Goal, knowledge about the behavior of the organization
Is used to find an appropriate action, e.g.
Modifying the process. This is the control function.
At the tactical or strategic level the control loop is
Used to evaluate and adapt control level 1, by
Changing goals if necessary. With these two control
A loop, PM extracts the right process information
And provides goal information needed to
Evaluate performance (comparison) as well as
Goals (evaluation). ‘‘Right’’ process information
Means that the information should be relevant for
The level of control (strategic, tactical, or operational)
And the company’s strategic objectives.