Living pupae were whitish-yellow with developing wing buds, wings, and legs. A distinct head, compound eyes, thorax, and abdomen were easily distinguished. Tissues of parasitized pupae were yellow-brown and
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contained infective juveniles and adult nematodes. Pupae were considered dead but nonparasitized when the puparia contained very little tissue, were yellow-brown without distinctive segmentation, or shriveled with the remaining tissue ®brous. A visible tracheal system through the puparial shell indicated a large infective juvenile infestation or the presence of adult worms.