Instruments of Data Collection
The questionnaire was the main instrument for collecting data from teachers. It consisted of both closed
and open questions. Questionnaires were adopted for these reasons:
(1) They are convenient for collecting datafrom a large sample with a short-time;
(2) They give the respondents freedom to give frank answers to sensitive questions especially, if they are
not asked to disclose their names;
(3) Respondents can answer questions during their free time.
Observation
The researcher made direct observations of the way classrooms are organized for reading lessons and the
teaching materials used. This helped the researcher to verify and consolidate information that had been gathered
through oral interviews and questionnaires.
Oral Interviews
The researcher carried out interviews with head teachers and heads of the lower sections of each of the
selected schools in order to obtain supplementary information to that collected through an oral, interview guide
and a questionnaire. The researcher visited the schools and offices physically to deliver the questionnaires.
Interviews with head teachers and heads of the departments were conducted in their offices during
predetermined convenient times.
Data Analysis
The main procedure of analyzing data was by using descriptive statistics. Data were grouped into themes
with descriptive tools, such as frequencies and percentages. All data from oral interviews, observations and
questionnaires were subjected to content analysis and then reported in a narrative form. Thus, both the
quantitative and qualitative techniques for analyses were used in order to cover as much as possible the views
and opinions the subjects were willing to provide.