the exerciseinduced reduction of energy supply to reproduction system
activates neurodocrinological pathways, such as the HPO axis,
and rebalances the energy intake and energy expenditure to
support the reproductive function.8,9 Since low energy availability
is the primary factor that causes EAMD, in this study,
we examined whether carbohydrate supplements can reverse
EAMD and protect against exercise-induced impairment in
ovary as an important part of HPO axis regulation.