Shane et al. (2001) studied how the temperature affects titanium properties, and compared different cryogenic cooling strategies. A new economical cryogenic cooling approach was proposed based on the following:
• Cryogenic fluid was applied directly and only to the tool tip.
• Flow rate of the cryogenic fluid was proportional to the heat generated in the cutting process.
• Fluid was supplied through a micro-nozzle located between the tool face and the chip breaker.
Paul et al. (2001) have carried out experimental investigation into the role of cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen jet on tool wear and surface finish in plain turning of steel at industrial speed-feed combination by two types of carbide inserts of different geometric configurations. The results have been compared with dry machining and machining with soluble oil as coolant. Substantial benefit of cryogenic cooling on tool life and surface finish was reported. They attributed it to the reductionincuttingzonetemperatureandeasierchipremoval process.
Work of Dhar et al. (2001) involved experimental investigation of cryogenic cooling on tool wear and product quality in plain turning of steel by two types of carbide inserts of different geometry. Cutting forces and temperature were found to reduce while machining steel with tribologically modified carbide inserts. It was reported that high pressure liquid CO2 injection technique not only provided reduction in cutting forces and temperature but also reduced the consumption of cutting fluid by 50 %.
Dhar et al. (2002) have studied the role of cryogenic cooling (by liquid nitrogen jet) on cutting temperature in turning plain carbon steel (C40) under varying cutting velocity and feed.Theexperimentalresultsindicatedthatthereissubstantial reduction in cutting temperature with cryogenic cooling. It was also reported that the discontinuous chip was formed and hence, its removal became easier. Furthermore, the cutting forces decreased to some extent when liquid nitrogen jet was employed.
So the major objective of the present work was to study the effect of cryogenic cooling on tool wear and high frequency dynamic cutting forces generated during high speed machining of stainless steel with a standard carbide insert. Liquid nitrogen with high cooling potential was expected to remove ample heat from the cutting zone and prevent its localization. This would also result in the improvement of mechanics of chip formation. Discontinuous chips were likely to be formed which would be easy to remove, handle and dispose. The effect of cryogenic cooling was also felt needed to be compared with that of dry cutting to know the relative advantage offered by cryogenic cooling. Regression equation correlating input parameters viz., speed, feed and depth of cut and output parameters