The permanent deformation of the furan sand mold casting increased from the flangeless to the small flange casting cases. In contrast, the flange size had almost no effect on the permanent deformation from the small flange to the large flange casting despite the increasing tensile load on the casting. Nyichomba and Campbell (1998) reported that the flange size effect on the permanent deformation in the casting after shakeout saturates in some flange sizes. Nyichomba and Campbell stated that the saturation was the result of the flange bending near the bar due to its contraction (Fig. 8). The outlying regions of the flange effectively become redundant from the point of view of adding further constraints. Thus, beyond a critical flange size, the constraint becomes constant