presented a rule-based localization method which is similar to [71] and [170]. First, facial features are located with a projection method that Kanade successfully used to locate the boundary of a face [71].
Let Iðx; yÞ be the intensity value of a m x n image at the position
the horizontal and vertical projections of the image are defined as
The horizontal profile of an input image is obtained first, and then the two local minima, determined by detecting abrupt
changes inHI, are said to correspond to the left and right side of the head. Similarly, the vertical profile is obtained and the
local minima are determined for the locations of mouth lips, nose tip, and eyes. These detected features constitute a facial
candidate.