Fig. 3. Average numbers of mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi) per cauliflower plant, sampled 80-90 days after transplanting, in IPM and non-IPM treatments in 2008-2009, 2009-2010 and over both seasons. Shown are means (±SE) of 25 fields
per treatment. All comparisons between treatments were significantly different (P < 0.001).