(ii) The mobile robot altitude z, roll angle θ, and pitch angle φ
are then estimated from the redistributed particles assuming
that all robot tires are in constant contact with the road surface.
(iii) The LRF measurement is converted to 3D mapping
coordinates based on the acquired 6-DOF position and attitude
to calculate the likelihood of each particle through matching to
3D maps.
(iv) Particles are resampled on the basis of the likelihood thus
acquired, and the average position and attitude of the
resampled particles are taken to denote the final position and
attitude of the mobile robot.
In the sections that follow, Section IV discusses 3D
environment mapping based on 3D outdoor point cloud data
acquired from MMS measurements, Section V extends the 3D
position and attitude from the 2D position and orientation,
Section VI calculates the likelihood using 3D maps with
particle filters, and Section VII evaluates the precision of our
proposed method for estimating the position and attitude
through experiments in actual environments. Section VIII
presents our conclusions.
(ii) The mobile robot altitude z, roll angle θ, and pitch angle φare then estimated from the redistributed particles assumingthat all robot tires are in constant contact with the road surface.(iii) The LRF measurement is converted to 3D mappingcoordinates based on the acquired 6-DOF position and attitudeto calculate the likelihood of each particle through matching to3D maps.(iv) Particles are resampled on the basis of the likelihood thusacquired, and the average position and attitude of theresampled particles are taken to denote the final position andattitude of the mobile robot.In the sections that follow, Section IV discusses 3Denvironment mapping based on 3D outdoor point cloud dataacquired from MMS measurements, Section V extends the 3Dposition and attitude from the 2D position and orientation,Section VI calculates the likelihood using 3D maps withparticle filters, and Section VII evaluates the precision of ourproposed method for estimating the position and attitudethrough experiments in actual environments. Section VIIIpresents our conclusions.
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